PHEV denotes Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle, catering to individuals transitioning from traditional gas and diesel cars but not fully embracing electric vehicles yet. HEV refers to Hybrid Electric Vehicle, featuring both a gas engine and a battery without requiring plug-in charging. HEV drivers often hear the gas engine running, with the battery replenishing through regenerative braking. BEV stands for Battery Electric Vehicle, relying solely on battery power and functioning as a 100% electric vehicle. ZEV indicates Zero Emission Vehicle, emitting no harmful pollutants from its exhaust pipe. BEVs exemplify ZEVs by operating entirely without emissions. ICE stands for Internal Combustion Engine, representing conventional gas-powered vehicles.